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Photo 1 is of my dragons. I altered the baby's alleles to match the adult.
Photo 2 is of my fruit flies. I crossed their genotypes to find out the offsprings genotypes.
I've always found Genetics to be interesting. I find it to be such a complex thing, but when it's narrowed down, it's quite simple. I must admit, I wasn't very good at Biology in High School, but I am more interested in it now... It's fun!
Genetic Inheritance, while being quite complex, is rather simple. Certain traits are passed down from parents to their children, and they pass their traits on to their children, and so on. The genes that pass on those traits are known as Genotypes, and the visual expression of those traits is called Phenotypes. In a punnett square, Genotypes are represented by two letters, either upper case, lower case, or one of each. Upper case letters represent Dominant Alleles (the stronger gene), and lower case letters represent the Recessive Alleles (the weaker gene). Alleles are an alternate form of a gene that happens in the same spot on chromosomes, which when combined, create a Genotype. There are three different types of Genotypes: Homozygous Dominant (DD), Heterozygous (Dr), and Homozygous Recessive (rr). When you cross parents Genotypes in a punnett square, you get the four possible offspring Genotypes. For example, you have a blonde haired, blue eyed dad, and a brown haired, green eyed mom. We'll say that the brown hair and blue eyes are dominant, and the blonde hair and green eyes are recessive.
Brown hair=H Blonde hair=h
Blue eyes=E
Green eyes=e
Mom=He
Dad=hE
Offspring=HhEe
When the genes are crossed, the punnett shows that all four offspring will have brown hair and blue eyes.
And that is the basics of Genetic Inheritance (genotype, phenotype, allele, cross, dominant, recessive).
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